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A little more about audio - What is lossless and what's not? How to read spectrograms?

A lot of people keep asking how to tell what is really lossless or lossy. They check their audio files through the spek program (or SoX) by generating its spectrogram image. But what really do you have to look in the spek image to tell what is lossy and what is lossless? Before we get into it, let's recall what is lossless.  Well according to ChatGPT or Google, "Lossless music refers to audio files that are compressed in a way that retains all the original data from the source. Unlike lossy compression methods (such as MP3 or AAC), which discard some audio information to reduce file size, lossless compression formats (such as FLAC, ALAC, or WAV) allow the original audio data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. This means that, in theory, there is no loss of quality compared to the original recording." So basically what it means is that lossless music or lossless of an audio file should be or is identical in terms of quality i.e. audio frequencies shoul...

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